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The Effectiveness of Universal Design: Case Study Demonstrations Michael D. Grimble, MUP, Gary S. Danford Ph.D. & David M. Schoell M.Arch. IDeA Center, SUNY Buffalo
Abstract: Evaluating the effectiveness of universal designs is traditionally done through case studies conducted in field settings by experts. The following two field case studies investigate claims that universally designed environments are more usable by all consumers than similar non-universally designed environments.
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References
Danford & Steinfeld (1999). Measuring the Influences of Physical Environments on the Behaviors of People with Impairments. In E. Steinfeld & S. Danford (Eds.) Measuring Enabling Environments. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 111-137.
Steinfeld & Danford (2000). Measuring Handicapping Environments. In G. Gresham (Ed.) Rehabilitation Outcomes Measurement: The State of the Art in the Year 2000 (Special issue), Journal of Rehabilitation Outcomes Measurement, Volume 4:4, 5-8.
Danford (2003). Universal Design: Evaluation of a Model Building by Persons with Vision, Hearing and Mobility Impairments. Amy Horowitz & Cynthia Stuen (Eds.), Special Issue on Aging and the Senses, Generations. Volume XXVII, No.1 (Spring), 91-94.